从框架到表达：论文结构与常见句型集锦

想要提高论文整体的语言水平和可读性，需要我们在结构、句式、用词等各个方面用心打磨。一篇好的论文往往有着严谨专业的结构和简洁明了的句式。严谨的结构可以让我们的论文逻辑清晰，而简明的句式则让内容更易于理解。

今天，我们特别整理了一些论文写作中常见的结构、句型，以及相关案例，希望能助力各位研究者提升论文语言水平，打造严谨简明的论文，提升论文的发表几率。

论文的基本结构与内容^1-3

大多数期刊对论文的结构都有着严格的规定。论文最常见的结构是IMRAD结构，包括引言（Introduction）、方法（Methods）、结果（Results）和讨论（Discussion）四个主要部分。国际医学期刊编辑委员会（ICMJE）曾表示：“ IMRAD并不是被随意制定出来的，而是能够直观展示科学发现过程的一种文章结构。 ”

让我们通过下面的表格来进一步拆解IMRAD结构以及每个部分下的内容要求：

标题	用一句话或几个词来简单概括论文内容。可以是研究的主题、地点或使用的具体方法。
摘要	对研究论文的一段总结。概括了研究背景、研究问题、使用的方法和材料、重要的发现和结论。
引言	说明论文的研究背景，为论文的主要观点做准备。定位研究主题，说明计划解决的问题，并强调该研究的重要性与相关性。
材料和方法	解释研究技术和环境条件。详尽展示当其他研究人员复制、验证该研究时所必须了解的细节。
结果	列出研究发现的重要结果。用词简明扼要。不要含糊不清、模棱两可。用文字、图表说明。
讨论	阐明你的发现将如何推进研究进程或填补现有的知识空白，以及引言中所提到的假设是否最终得到了证实。
参考文献	列出论文撰写时所参考的所有文献。务必严格按照格式要求进行罗列。常见参考文献格式有：MLA（美国现代语言协会论文指导格式）、APA （美国心理学家协会刊物准则）、Harvard System（哈佛论文引用系统）和MHRA（由英国现代人文研究协会制定的格式）。

精彩句型案例展示

研究者撰写研究论文的主要目的就是直观呈现所做的工作和成果。因此，我们建议研究者们尽可能多地使用简洁明了的句型，避免华丽辞藻的堆砌。下面，我们总结了一些分别适用于论文中不同部分的精彩句型案例。

标题^4-6

Evaluation of…using…

……使用……评估

Risk Factors for Oral Cancer in Adults…

成人口腔癌的风险因素……

Development of Deep Learning Models to…

开发深度学习模型以……

摘要^7-9

Y is the most common complication among patients post-surgery…

Y是术后患者最常见的并发症……

Artificial intelligence models can perform XYZ function, but they need more training data to be accurate.

人工智能模型可以执行XYZ功能，但它们需要更多的训练数据才能更准确。

In this study, we assess the safety and efficacy of ABC.

在本研究中，我们评估了ABC的安全性和有效性。

引言^10-12

1 in 5 adults suffers from…

五分之一的成年人患有……

The effects of climate change are becoming increasingly evident with time.

随着时间的推移，气候变化的影响变得越来越明显。

However, we need more evidence to support this claim.

然而，我们需要更多的证据来支持这一说法。

The aim of this study was to…

这项研究的目的是……

材料和方法^13-15

The training data sets included images of…

训练数据集包括……

Data was analyzed using Python/SPSS/XYZ software…

数据分析使用了Python、SPSS、XYZ软件……

FADS1/2 knockout mice were used as test animals, while C5BL6 mice with intact FADS1/2 were used as controls.

FADS1/2基因敲除的小鼠被用来做测试，对照FADS1/2基因完整的C5BL6小鼠。

结果^16-18

We found that XYZ negatively regulated…

我们发现XYZ对……

The silencing of PQRS led to an increase in XYZ in normal mice…

PQRS的沉默导致正常小鼠中XYZ基因的增加……

The DNN model was accurately able to identify voids in the material and…

DNN模型能够准确地识别材料中的空洞和……

讨论^19,20

Therefore, this work suggests that…

因此，这项研究表明……

In vivo studies are necessary to confirm the effect of ABC in animals and humans…

为了证实ABC在动物和人类中的作用，我们有必要进行体内研究……

This DNN model can be used to accurately perform XYZ function.

该DNN模型可用于准确执行XYZ功能。

除了参考以上这些句型案例外，研究者们还可以借助专业的论文润色服务来进一步提升自己的论文质量。

爱思唯尔作者服务拥有经验丰富的专业编辑团队，可根据您所在的细分领域和论文的具体需求提供个性化的指导服务。经过团队的专业润色后，您的文章不仅从格式上更符合出版规范，还能以出彩且专业的表达，在众多投稿中脱颖而出，获得更高发表几率！

数据安全，全程护航。爱思唯尔作者服务向您承诺，我们始终以数据安全为底线，严格守护用户的数据隐私，令您的发表省时又省心！

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